Mock Paper

January 2010 Unit 1 - General Studies

WHAT IS THE ROLE OF PUNISHMENT IN CRIMINAL LAW? RETRIBUTION This is the idea of an eye for an eye, revenge for the victim REPARATION This is idea that the guilty person should compensate the victim/society for his wrong-doing PUBLIC PROTECTION The aim of punishment is to protect the public, however unfair on an individual wrongdoer REHABILITATION This is the idea that punishment must aim to ensure that the guilty person can fit into society at the end of their punishment DETERRENCE This is the idea that punishment must put the offender, and other potential offenders off reoffending, Also seeks to ensure they understand the error in their act. Do you think this is something that should happen? if they choose to watch the death of the criminal then it should be allowed.

Frankie Dettori banned for six months after failing drugs test Jockey Frankie Dettori has been given a six-month ban from racing after failing a drugs test in France. The 41-year-old, who has more than 3,000 career wins, tested positive for a banned substance on 16 September. The suspension imposed by French racing authority France Galop will run until 19 May 2013, and will apply worldwide for the three-time champion jockey. In a statement Dettori said he "has let down the sport he loves" but most of all "his wife and children". The substance, discovered after a test at Longchamp racecourse, has not been disclosed, although Dettori's solicitor said it was not a performance-enhancing drug. Dettori will miss the start of the British Flat racing season on 23 March and the Dubai World Cup, the world's richest race, a week later. He will also sit out the opening Classics at Newmarket's Guineas meeting in May but he will be back in time for the Epsom Derby, which he won with Authorized in 2007, on 1 June. Solicitor Christopher Stewart-Moore said he had spoken to father-of-five Dettori and he had no arguments with the decision by France Galop. "He also accepts that he has let down the sport he loves and all those associated with it, as well as the wider public. But most of all - and this is his greatest regret - he has let down his wife and children," he said. "He is enormously grateful for the opportunities that he has been given by owners and trainers over the years, and for the support of his many fans. "Racing has been good to Frankie, and he knows that his privileged position brings with it responsibility. For this reason, he is determined to rebuild his reputation when he returns to the saddle in six months' time." Dettori, who made history by riding all seven winners on one card at Ascot in 1996, has taken responsibility for his failed test. "Frankie could make excuses - he has, after all, regularly been tested for prohibited substances throughout his career," said his solicitor. "He is clear, however, that the responsibility for his current situation lies squarely with him. From the start of France Galop's inquiry, he has acknowledged to them that he has made a mistake and that the fault was his."

causes of crime Some people say that crime is a deviation from the norms of society that the state chooses to label as a crime. Therefore what is labelled as a “crime” varies over time and from place to place. How has society’s view and the criminal law changed over time in respect of: Poor children who steal a loaf of bread? poor children who steel isn't really a serious as they used to be. Homosexuality? homosexuality isn't frowned upon and civil partnership is now allowed. Drinking and driving? drinking and driving you get your lisence taken away from you for a year and it will go on your criminal record. Child abuse? your kids will be taken off of you and put into care and you get put into prison. How do different societies view the following? Carrying of firearms? some societies such as america allow firearms on your property so if you get robbed you can threaten them or even fire at them if its a serious case. Women wearing what they like in public? women are allowed to wear what they like now except from muslim women as they have to wear a black robe when they are married so that no other men can look at them. Freedom of expression in terms of religion? Taking/giving bribes to win lucrative contracts?

The Law and Civil Liberties Part II There are offences of criminal law which can lead to fines or imprisonment and are investigated by the police. Civil law is when an individual takes action through the courts to determine responsibilities or to seek damages. Civil liberties are freedoms which protect individuals from state abuse or government power. Civil liberties set limits for government so that it cannot abuse its power and interfere with the lives of its citizens In this country we enjoy certain rights such as freedom of assembly, freedom of religion, freedom of speech, the right to due process, to a fair trial, to own property and to privacy. 1.Right to Life 2.Prohibition of torture 3.Prohibition of slavery and forced labour 4.Right to liberty and security 5.Right to a fair trial 6.No punishment without law 7.Right to respect for private and family life 8.Freedom of thought, conscience and religion 9.Freedom of expression 10.Freedom of assembly and association 11.Right to marry CCTV cameras - the U.K has more surveillance equipment than the whole of Europe put together. ASBOs – Anti Social Behaviour Orders restrict movements and control offenders. Mosquito Repellers (low level sonic devices that only affect young people)

The Law and Civil Liberties Rule – a regulation or principle governing conduct or procedure within a given sphere. Law – a rule or set of rules regulating the activities of members of country or community and enforced through penalties; something regarded as having binding force. Rule of law – the law is sovereign. Nobody is above the law and will face a sanction. Driving whilst using a mobile phone (not with hands-free device). fine Parking your vehicle on double yellow lines. fine Neglecting your child, emotionally and financially. prison Stealing stationery from work. warning Benefit fraud. prison Murder. prison

Capital Punishment information Capital punishment is the practice of executing someone as punishment for a specific crime after a proper legal trial. It can only be used by a state, so when non-state organisations speak of having 'executed' a person they have actually committed a murder. It is usually only used as a punishment for particularly serious types of murder, but in some countries treason, types of fraud, adultery and rape are capital crimes. The phrase 'capital punishment' comes from the Latin word for the head. A 'corporal' punishment, such as flogging, takes its name from the Latin word for the body. Capital punishment is used in many countries around the world. According to Amnesty International as at May 2012, 141 countries have abolished the death penalty either in law on in practice. China executes the most people per year overall, with an estimated figure of 1,718 in 2008. Amnesty International also states that in 2008 Iran executed at least 346 people, the USA 111, Saudi Arabia 102 and Pakistan 36. Details of which countries are abolitionist and which are retentionist can be found on the Amnesty website. There is now steadily increasing support for abolishing capital punishment. On 18 December 2008, the United Nations adopted resolution 63/168, which is a reaffirmation of its call for a moratorium on the use of the death penalty (62/149) passed in December the previous year. The resolution calls for states to freeze executions with a view to eventual abolition. The World Coalition against the Death Penalty was created in Rome in 2002, and 10th October 2006 was World Day against the Death Penalty.

For or Against Capital punishment For:Murderers forfeit their human rights when they take other peoples lives. The punishment should fit the crime. If the punishment is too light it cheapens our rights to life. It is common sense to say that killing murderers will deter others. It is hard to prove the effect because you are measuring something not happening. A killer who has been executed can never do it again. executions are used to show people to show that murder is wrong. Against:The death penalty goes against our most basic human right - the right to life Being killed by lethal injection or being electrocuted is not always smooth and painless, sometimes it causes a painful death. No-one has ever proven with numbers that killing murderers stops other people committing similar crimes. Mistakes are sometimes made in the law and some people may be executed, but they are innocent.

PM to crack down on 'time-wasting' appeals The prime minister told business leaders he would "get a grip" on people forcing unnecessary delays. Judicial review applications would cost more, with less time put aside to apply and fewer chances to appeal. But green groups said planning laws protected the environment and should not be blamed for economic failings. On Twitter, Conservative MP Zac Goldsmith criticised Mr Cameron, writing: "So the same PM whose dithering on airports will cost 3-6 years is now enraged by the delays affecting big infrastructure decisions?" He added that there was a "gap between what the PM says and what the PM does". In his speech to the CBI conference in London, Mr Cameron said the government had been "too slow" at cutting the deficit. 'Hopeless causes' He pledged to end "equality impact assessments", which need to be carried out when new policy or legislation is introduced. He insisted that "bureaucratic nonsense" was not necessary to ensuring the rights of different sexes, races and religions were upheld. Individuals and organisations can seek a judicial review if they think a decision by a public body has been made unlawfully. The review, carried out by a judge, looks only at the way the decision was reached - rather than whether it was correct or not. A recent example was Virgin's successful challenge against the awarding of the West Coast Mainline rail franchise to First Group. It was found there had been "significant flaws" in decision-making. Downing Street figures show more than 11,000 applications for judicial review were made in 2011, compared with just 160 in 1975. BBC legal correspondent Clive Coleman said the majority of these had related to asylum cases, which was where the "real growth" had taken place. But, in his address to the CBI, the prime minister said the increase in unnecessary applications had been too great: "We urgently need to get a grip on this. So here's what we're going to do: reduce the time limit when people can bring cases; charge more for reviews - so people think twice about time-wasting." It is unclear yet how much the fees would rise by for review applications or by how much the three-month time limit for applications might be cut. But Mr Cameron said that "instead of giving hopeless cases up to four bites of the cherry to appeal a decision, we will halve that to two". Downing Street refused to identify any infrastructure projects which had been delayed by judicial review, saying it was "not going into specific examples". Mr Cameron also argued for less Whitehall bureaucracy and greater emphasis on the pursuit of economic growth. He argued that government was "too slow in getting stuff done" and that civil servants must appreciate delays were felt in "businesses going bust, jobs being lost" and "livelihoods being destroyed". Mr Cameron drew a historical analogy, saying: "When this country was at war in the '40s, Whitehall underwent a revolution. "Normal rules were circumvented. Convention was thrown out. As one historian put it, everything was thrown at 'the overriding purpose' of beating Hitler. "Well, this country is in the economic equivalent of war today - and we need the same spirit. We need to forget about crossing every 't' and dotting every 'i' - and we need to throw everything we've got at winning in this global race." For Labour, shadow local government minister Jack Dromey told BBC Two's Daily Politics: "This is the same prime minister who kicked into the long grass a decision on airports for at least three years. "He is presiding over a shambles in government, where it can't make its mind up on an urgent policy." And Friends of the Earth's Executive Director Andy Atkins said the planning system played "an important role in protecting our green and pleasant land". He added: "It mustn't become a scapegoat for the government's economic failings. "EU rules protect peoples' legal right to defend their environment - any moves to prevent this may well be unlawful. Protecting the environment and boosting the economy are two sides of the same coin." Joe Rukin, co-ordinator of the Stop HS2 campaign against plans to build the High Speed 2, rail link: "The government seem to be making out that they believe any of their infrastructure plans should be above the law and do not realise that it is essential in a democratic society to be able to hold the government to account."

gazas death toll reaches over 100 people! More than 100 people have died in the Gaza Strip in six days of violence, Hamas officials say, as Israeli forces continue a bombardment they say aims to stop rocket attacks into Israel. Monday's fatalities include a commander of the Islamic Jihad militant group. More than 100 rockets were fired on Israel by militants on Monday. Three Israelis have died since Wednesday. Efforts to secure a ceasefire continue, with a senior Egyptian official saying there are "encouraging signs". UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-Moon has arrived in Cairo to aid negotiating efforts. He plans to meet Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas in the coming days. US President Obama spoke to his Egyptian counterpart Mohamed Mursi and to Mr Netanyahu on Monday and "discussed ways to de-escalate the situation in Gaza," the White House said in a statement. Mr Obama "underscored the necessity of Hamas ending rocket fire into Israel" in his call to Mr Mursi, and "expressed regret for the loss of Israeli and Palestinian civilian lives" in both calls. Khaled Meshaal, the political leader of the Islamist movement Hamas which controls Gaza, said Mr Netanyahu had requested a ceasefire but that it was up to Israel to stop the war that, he said, it had started. "Hamas's comments about a ceasefire, alleging that Israel is begging for one, are about as accurate as its claims to have shot down an F-15 [warplane] or attacked the Knesset," Reuters news agency quoted a senior government official as saying. Mr Meshaal said that a truce was possible in Gaza - as was further escalation of the conflict. Mr Meshaal said Hamas' conditions for a truce included lifting the Israeli blockade on Gaza and an end to "Israel's assassinations". Israel has also presented conditions for a ceasefire, which include no hostile fire of any kind from Gaza and international efforts to prevent Hamas from rearming. Meanwhile, Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan described Israel as a "terrorist state", citing the "massacre of children" during its bombardments of Gaza. Once cordial relations between Turkey and Israel soured after Israeli marines stormed a Turkish aid ship in 2010 during a naval blockade of Gaza.

European workers stage austerity protests General strikes in Spain and Portugal halted transport, businesses and schools and led to clashes between police and protesters in Madrid. Smaller strikes were reported in Greece, Italy and Belgium, and rallies were planned in other countries. Hundreds of flights have been cancelled in Spain and Portugal. Airlines are recommending passengers check the schedules before setting out to airports. The European Trade Union Confederation has co-ordinated the Europe-wide action. The confederation's Judith Kirton-Darling told the BBC that austerity was not working. "It's increasing inequalities, it's increasing the social instability in society and it's not resolving the economic crisis," she said. Some 40 groups from 23 countries are involved in Wednesday's demonstrations. 'There is just no work' Unions in Spain and Portugal started strikes at midnight to protest against austerity measures that have combined tax rises with cuts in salaries, pensions, benefits and social services. Marchers came out late on Tuesday in Spain, where 25% are unemployed, the highest rate in Europe. "I have two sons in my house, one is getting subsidies, the other has been at home for the last three years," said protesting housewife, Paqui Olmo. "It is not that he doesn't want to work, there is just no work." In the first reported clashes of the day, picketers and police fought at a Madrid bus depot where demonstrators were trying to stop buses from leaving. There were outbreaks of violence in other Spanish cities, and the interior ministry said more than 30 arrests had been made. The government has played down the strike, saying the electricity grid is registering 80% of its normal usage. But unions claim the operations of several large companies, including Danone and Heineken, have ground to a halt. In neighbouring Portugal, demonstrators took to the streets in the early hours, carrying banners denouncing the European Union, International Monetary Fund and European Central Bank. The so-called troika has bailed out Portugal to the tune of 78bn euros ($100bn; £62bn), and demanded deep austerity measures in return. The BBC's Chris Morris in Lisbon says public transport has come to a virtual standstill, and many schools and public offices are expected to be closed.

religous beliefs and their affects on society

republic: a state or country that is not led by a hereditary monarch, but in which the people (or at least a part of its people) have impact on its government. Dictatorship: Absolute rule by leadership unrestricted by law, constitutions, or other social and political factors. Democracy: A form of government in which the supreme power is held completely by the people under a free electoral system. Absolute monarchy: A monarchical form of government where the king and queen have absolute power over everything. constitutional monarchy: A form of constitutional government, wherein either an elected or hereditary monarch is the head of state, unlike in an absolute monarchy, wherein the king or the queen is the sole source of political power, as he or she is not legally bound by the national constitution. What problems, do you think, may arise with having a secular government? one problem is that religous groups may disagree with the governments ideas and laws as it goes against their religion. also the government may not take into account religous beliefs and religous groups may not like that. What difficulties, do you think, can arise with the existence of different religious beliefs (even in one type of religion) in one country? the government do not take into account religous peoples beleifs and opinions. a lot of difficulties will arise as nearly every religion has different views on things and differences. for example the jews and the muslims have been fighting for a country for years as the muslims believe it is theirs and the jews think that it is theirs, therefore they fight for it. Should people be allowed to voice their opinion? yes they should be allowed to voice their opinion because god gave everyone a right to freedom of speech. Is this discrimination? yes what they are doing is called homophobia and that is a type of discrimination. Was it a good way to get their point across? no because people would take no notice of what they are doing. Sharia law is Islam's legal system. It is derived from both the Koran, as the word of God, the example of the life of the prophet Muhammad, and fatwas - the rulings of Islamic scholars. But Sharia differs in one very important and significant way to the legal traditions of the Western world: it governs, or at least informs, every aspect of the life of a Muslim.

stem cell news Los Angeles: Researchers are reporting a key advance in using stem cells to repair hearts damaged by cardiac attacks. In a study, stem cells donated by strangers proved as safe and effective as patients’ own cells for helping restore heart tissue. The work involved just 30 patients in Miami and Balitmore, but proves the concept that anyone’s cells can be used to treat such cases. Doctors are excited because this suggests that stem cells could be banked for off-the-shelf use after heart attacks, just as blood is kept on hand now. Results were discussed Monday at an American Heart Association conference in California and published in the Journal of the American Medical Association. The study used a specific type of stem cell from bone marrow that researchers believed would not be rejected by recipients. Unlike other cells, these lack a key feature on their surface that makes the immune system see them as foreign tissue and attacks them, explained the study’s leader, Dr Joshua Hare of the University of Miami. The patients in the study had suffered heart attacks years earlier, some as long as 30 years ago. All had developed heart failure because the scar tissue from the cardiac attack had weakened their hearts so much that they grew large and flabby, unable to pump blood effectively. Researchers advertised for people to supply marrow. The cells were removed from the marrow using a needle into the hip and then amplified for about a month in a lab at Baltimore’s Johns Hopkins University, then returned to Miami to be used for treatment, which did not involve surgery. The cells were delivered through a tube pushed through a groin artery into the heart near the scarred area. Fifteen patients were given cells from their own marrow and 15 others, cells from strangers. About a year later, scar tissue had been reduced by about one-third. Both groups had improvements in how far they could walk and in quality of life. There was no significant difference in one measure of how well their hearts were able to pump blood, but doctors hope these patients will continue to improve over time, or that refinements in treatment will lead to better results. The big attraction is being able to use cells supplied by others, with no blood or tissue matching needed. “You could have the cells ready to go in the blood bank so when the patient comes in for a therapy — there’s no delay,” Hare said. “It’s also cheaper to make the donor cells,” and a single marrow donor can supply enough cells to treat as many as 10 people. Dr Elliott Antman of Harvard-affiliated Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston who heads the heart conference, praised the work. “That opens up an entire new avenue for stem cell therapy, like a sophisticated version of a blood bank,” he said. There’s an advantage in not having to create a cell therapy for each patient, and it could spare them the pain and wait of having their own marrow harvested, he said. The study was sponsored by the National Institutes of Health. Hare owns stock in a biotech company working on a treatment using a mixture of cells. Juan Lopez received his own cells in the study, and said it improved his symptoms so much that at age 70, he was able to return to his job as an engineer and sales manager for a roofing manufacturer and ride an exercise bike. “It has been a life-changing experience,” said Lopez, who lives in Miami. “I can feel day by day, week by week, month by month, my improvement. I don’t have any shortness of breath and my energy level is way up there. I don’t have any fluid in my lungs.”

Rat in theatre leads to ops cancelled at King's Mill A spokeswoman from King's Mill Hospital, in Mansfield, said the rodent had entered the theatre at night last week when the room was not in use. Pest controllers were called into the hospital and as a result, several operations had to be cancelled. Hospital bosses have apologised for the "inconvenience" to patients and said the theatre was now fully operational. 'Eradicate the problem' Karen Tomlinson, director of operations at the hospital, said she was shocked to learn evidence of a rodent had been found in an operating theatre. She said: "As soon as we became aware of this fact the following morning, we immediately took steps to thoroughly clean the area and called in external pest control experts to eradicate the problem. "Whilst this work was under way, it was therefore necessary to postpone a small number of operations and we have apologised to any patients affected for the inconvenience caused." Rats can spread salmonella and carry the potentially fatal Weil's disease.

Opinion: a personal view, attitude, or appraisal. Fact: something that actually exists; reality; truth: Your fears have no basis in fact. Belief: confidence in the truth or existence of something not immediately susceptible to rigorous proof. Abortions in the United Kingdom must be carried out in the first 24 weeks of a pregnancy. Fact Killing is wrong. Opinion and fact God created life on this planet.belief One fact about GM crops is that it benefiits the enviroment. One opinion about GM crops is that bt crops may favour the economy One belief about GM crops is john pickett said that gm farming is a crude use of genetic engineering the picture of hitler is the one that allows killing and dieing as he was the leader of the nazi and he ordered the deaths of over 6 million deaths to the jewish religion. Has science overstepped moral boundaries with stem cell research? i do not think that they have they are simply trying to make life. Are we playing God? i beleive that what they are trying to do is something that only god could do and i think that they are trying to do to much. Is the outcome of research always justifiable regardless of the means? sometimes it is but if the experiment is an inhumane experiment then the outcome is one where they harmed something or someone to get their results. Who do you think should make the decision about the future of stem cell research? i think that the scientists carrying out the experiments should decide becuase they are the people who know the most about stem cell research and they know whether it is dangerous or not. Should it be politicians? no because they will make it all about the money and the cost of experiments and procedures.

cancer research

Cancer Research UK

Director general George Entwistle has defended the BBC's response to the Jimmy Savile sex abuse scandal, but accepted it raised questions of trust.

He told the Commons culture committee that since the "very, very grave" claims had emerged, "we have done much of what we should have done".
A past "cultural problem" at the BBC had allowed abuse by the presenter.
He also said the BBC was investigating five to 10 "serious allegations" involving past and present employees.
"There is no question that what Jimmy Savile did and the way the BBC behaved in the years - the culture and practices of the BBC seems to allow Jimmy Savile to do what he did - will raise questions of trust for us and reputation for us," he told the Commons culture, media and sport select committee.
"This is a gravely serious matter and one cannot look back at it with anything other than horror, frankly, that... his activities went on as long as they did undetected."
Police have described Savile, who was also a DJ and died last year aged 84, as a predatory sex offender, and believe he may have abused many people, including young girls, over a 40-year period.
A criminal investigation is under way.

Continue reading the main story.

What became clear to us after the blog was published was that... on Newsnight there was a significant, it seemed, difference of opinion between the people working on the investigation and the editor”End Quote George Entwistle BBC director general

Mr Entwistle said: "I'm not sure in the 60s and 70s... they [staff] would have felt there was anything they could do" about sexual harassment.

Nowadays BBC staff "know where to go" over harassment complaints, he added.
But, on sexual discrimination within the corporation, Mr Entwistle said: "I believe the culture has changed at the BBC but I am not convinced that it has changed as much as it should have."
On Monday, BBC Panorama reported on the abuse allegations and an earlier BBC Newsnight investigation into Savile that was dropped last December.
Mr Entwistle said that, after seeing the Panorama broadcast, he believed the investigation by Newsnight into Savile should have been allowed to continue.
"I came away from Panorama firmly of the view that that investigation, even if in the judgement of the editor it wasn't ready for transmission at the point he was looking at it, should have been allowed to continue."
Newsnight editor Peter Rippon has stepped aside amid an independent inquiry - led by former Sky head of news Nick Pollard - into why the programme dropped its investigation.
Asked whether there was pressure from BBC management on Newsnight to drop its Savile investigation, Mr Entwistle said he had not asked Mr Rippon about any conversations on the investigation with more senior staff.
The director general said it was a matter of "regret and embarrassment" that Mr Rippon's original blog post about the dropping of the report had been inaccurate.
But he told MPs that he believed, "to the best of the evidence we have been able to assemble", the explanation now being offered by the BBC for the dropping of the Newsnight report was accurate.
Christmas schedule
"What became clear to us after the blog was published was that what had happened on Newsnight, there was a significant, it seemed, difference of opinion between the people working on the investigation and the editor, Peter Rippon, who commissioned the investigation."
Earlier this month, in a blog, Mr Rippon explained the editorial reasons behind his decision to axe the Newsnight report. He said it was "totally untrue" he had been ordered to do it by bosses as part of a BBC cover-up.
On Monday the BBC issued a correction to some specific elements of the blog, calling it "inaccurate or incomplete in some respects", although it did not suggest he had been put under pressure to drop the report.

fact: fact means that something is a true statement
opinion: opinion is someones point of view about something
analogy: a comparison between two things, typically on the basis of there structure and for the purpose of explanation or clarificationl.
deduction: It can also mean to draw to a conclusion through logical reasoning.
inattentive:showing a lack of attention or care
causality:the relation between cause and effect
natural selection:Natural Selection is when the best type of species survive.
stem cells:Embryos formed during the blastocyst phase of embryological development (embryonic stem cells).

Beirut funeral for Wissam al-Hassan followed by clashes

 

Clashes have erupted outside government offices in the Lebanese capital Beirut after thousands attended the funeral of security chief Wissam al-Hassan who was killed by a car bomb on Friday.

A group of protesters tried to storm the HQ, after a new call for Prime Minister Najib Mikati to resign. Police fired warning shots and tear gas.

Friday's attack also killed one of Mr Hassan's bodyguards and a woman nearby.

Opposition figures have blamed neighbouring Syria for the attack.

Many have protested against Syria and its Lebanese allies amid fears the Syrian conflict could spill over.

The confrontation outside the prime minister's office lasted for a few minutes.

Two former prime ministers - Saad Hariri and Fouad Siniora - intervened to urge their supporters to remain calm.

Lebanon's religious communities are divided between those who support the Syrian government - including many Shias - and those mostly from the Sunni community who back the rebels.

Lebanon's Shia militant group Hezbollah - a close ally of the Syrian government - condemned the bombing.

In pictures: Wissam al-Hassan funeral

Syrian Information Minister Omran al-Zoubi called it a "cowardly, terrorist act". He said such incidents were "unjustifiable wherever they occur".

Syrian troops withdrew from Lebanon in 2005 after a 29-year-long presence, in the wake of the assassination of former Prime Minister Rafik Hariri.

Mr Hassan, 47, was close to the 14 March opposition and the Hariri family, part of the anti-Syrian opposition.

Blaming neighbour

President Michel Suleiman and Prime Minister Mikati - who has faced calls for his resignation over the killing - greeted Mr Hassan's coffin at an earlier ceremony at the headquarters of the Internal Security Forces (ISF).

i think that nuclear power is a very bad thing because it is not always controlled fully and can be very dangerous for example chernobyl. it can also be used as an atomic bomb which can cause a nuclear war which will most definately cause the world to have no life left and the world will be polluted for thousans and thousands of years. also pollution would be a main factor as the nuclear stations that exist to this day are always polluting the world.

however nuclear power is always a good source of energy.

• This technology is readily available, it does not have to be developed first.
• It is possible to generate a high amount of electrical energy in one single plant
• uclear power generation does emit relatively low amounts of carbon dioxide (CO₂). The emissions of green house gases and therefore the contribution of nuclear power plants to global warming is therefore relatively little.

Sir Jimmy Savile 'not alone with patients' at Broadmoor

Police believe Savile may have sexually abused 60 people dating back to 1959

Jimmy Savile abuse claims

Sir Jimmy Savile would not have been left alone with patients at Broadmoor, a former chairman of its branch of the Prison Officers Association has said.

Frank Mone, who worked at the psychiatric hospital at the time, said any evidence of him causing a threat would have been spotted immediately.
It follows claims Savile abused a 17-year-old patient in the 1970s.
Meanwhile, a man has told the Sun newspaper he was abused when he was a nine-year-old cub scout.
Police believe Savile may have sexually abused 60 people since 1959.
The Department of Health (DoH) has launched an investigation into the decision to appoint Sir Jimmy Savile as head of a taskforce overseeing Broadmoor hospital in 1988.
It said the abuse claims were "disturbing" and the entertainer should not have been appointed to the role.
Escort Frank Mone, who worked at Broadmoor at the time, told BBC 5 live: "To a trained eye, any evidence of someone like Jimmy Savile coming in and causing a possible threat to a patient or a member of staff would have been spotted immediately.
"Jimmy Savile could not walk onto a ward without staff being warned of [the] possibility of him being on the block.

"Certainly within the female blocks, he could no more walk onto a ward there than I could, because female staff had to be forewarned that a male was coming onto the ward so that an escort could be provided for them."
The claim of abuse at Broadmoor came from Steven George, who was known as Alison Pink while at the hospital and has since had a sex change.
Mr George said: "It was like another insult. I'm in a top security hospital and someone has got to me again. When does it stop?"
Mr George, who was released from Broadmoor in the 1990s when he was 38, said he told the police about what had happened, but says they did not believe him and wrote down nothing about his allegations.
The DoH had responsibility for running the high-security hospital when Savile was appointed, but West London Mental Health NHS Trust has been in charge since 2001.
Cub scout Meanwhile, Kevin Cook, now 45, has said he became Savile's youngest known victim after he appeared on his TV show Jim'll Fix It.
He said he was molested in the star's dressing room who asked him if he was ready to "earn" his badge.
He said Savile then warned him to keep quiet, saying: "Nobody would believe you anyway, I'm King Jimmy."
Scotland Yard, which is co-ordinating the investigation, said it was following up 340 lines of inquiry and is in contact with 14 other police forces.
Police said the allegations spanned six decades, with reports up to and including 2006.
The BBC has launched two inquiries relating to the claims surrounding Savile, who presented Top of The Pops and Jim'll Fix It in the 1970s and 80s, and died in October 2011, aged 84.
Meanwhile former Radio 1 DJ Dave Lee Travis has denied claims he groped two women in BBC studios.
One of the women, who was just 17 at the time, told the Daily Mail he put his hand up her skirt in 1977, while the other claimed he touched her breasts while she was on Radio 4 in the 1980s.
Travis, who hosted the Radio 1 Breakfast Show from 1978 to 1980, said in a statement on Sunday: "I categorically deny that there is any substance in either allegation and I'm genuinely surprised that allegations of this nature have been made. I totally refute any impropriety."

Nuclear fusion: Nucleare fusion is the process by which multiple atoms have the same charge join together in order to form a heavier nucleus.
Nuclear fission: nuclear fission is the process of splitting a nucleus.
Genetic Modification: is also called genetic engineering or GM. It is not the same as cloning. Although cloning techniques are used in genetic engineering, the two things should not be confused. The table shows some of the differences.

Inductive thinking: this means making prediction based observations of past events. Htpothesis
Deduction: this is where a conclusion is drawn from pieces of information that are true.
Ockhams razor: suggests that you should take the simplest possible explanation. the process is known as reductive thinking.